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Thursday 8 May 2014

Spread Spectrum Systems


Introduction:

      
A major issue in digital communication is to provide the efficient utilization of bandwidth and power. For example, the system may be required to provide a form of secure communication in a hostile environment such that the transmitted signal is not easily detected or recognized by unwanted listeners. This requirement is catered to by a class of signalling techniques known collectively as Spread Spectrum Modulation. The primary advantage of a spread spectrum communication is its ability to reject interference whether it be the unintentional interference of another user or the intentional interference of a hostile transmitter attempting to jam the transmission. 


Definition:

  1. Spread spectrum is a means of transmission in which the data of interest occupies a bandwidth in excess of the minimum bandwidth necessary to send the data.
  2. The spectrum spreading is accomplished before transmission through the use of of a code that is independent of the data sequence. The same code is used in the receiver to de-spread the received signal to recover the original data.

Applications:

  • Military applications where resistance to jamming is of major concern.
  • Provides multipath rejection in a ground-based mobile radio environment.
  • Multiple-access communication in which a number of independent users are required to share a common channel without an external synchronizing mechanism.
  • Code-division multiple access (CDMA). 






        

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